NEBOSH IGC SOLVED QUESTION ( IGC 2 -CONTROLLING INTERNATIONAL WORKPLACE HAZARDS)

SECTION 1 (Total 20 marks)

1. (a) Identify the routes of entry of hazardous substances (4)

Ans:-

Four routes of entry

1. Inhalation

• most important route of entry

• substances can directly attack lung tissue

• responsible for 90% of all cases of industrial poisoning

1. Ingestion

• via the mouth

• often accidental

• poor hygiene

1. Absorption

• through the skin

• solvents may penetrate unbroken skin

1. Injection

• when skin is damaged

• puncture of the skin

• contact with liquid or gas under pressure

(b) State the meaning of Acute and Chronic (4)

Ans:-

Acute: Is an immediate or rapidly produced adverse effect, following a single or short-term exposure to a hazardous substance, usually with a rapid or immediate response which is normally reversible.

Acute effects examples: Headaches, Dizziness, Nausea, Inflammation, Eye irritation, Unconsciousness, Death etc.

Chronic: Adverse health effect resulting from prolonged, repeated exposure to a hazardous substance the response being gradual (often unrecognised for a long time) may get worse with no further exposure and is often irreversible.

Chronic effects examples: Cancers, Death, Systemic, Sensitisation reaction etc.

(c) Give the various sources of information that could be used in assessment of risk of toxic substances (4)

Ans:-

Sources of information that could be used for assessment of risk of toxic substances such as

Material safety data sheet (MSDS).

Product labels.

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) assessments, EH40 guidance and other HSE sources of information.

Hazardous effects felt / faced during the actual use and handling of a particular toxic chemical from the workplace scenario,

Ill- health records, medical expert reports, First aid register and expert advice / consultant’s observatory reports also provide useful and valid information.

Previous accident / ill health data as a result of usage of this chemical from past records and Health Surveillance Reports can also provide useful source of information.

(d) Outline the control measures required in order to minimise risk to workers from hazardous substances (8)

Ans:-

Control measures required in order to minimise risks to workers,

ERICPD

The substitution of the powder with granules or liquid; automating the process; using local exhaust ventilation; limiting the time of exposure and the numbers exposed; introducing good housekeeping procedures and methods (eg vacuuming rather than sweeping); providing respiratory protective equipment and protective clothing; and ensuring high standards of personal hygiene.

1) Eliminate the hazard – that substance handling activity by automation instead of manual handling where feasible.

2) Reduce the risk by substitution of less hazardous chemicals.

3) Isolate the people from the hazard total enclosure, segregate the people – only authorized or required persons to enter the zone.

4) Control - Machinery guards, maintenance of controls, change the work pattern, hygiene, and housekeeping.

5) Personal protective equipment (PPE) – Provide job specific PPEs

6) Discipline the workers by adequate supervion after giving necessary information, instruction and training.

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