NEBOSH IGC SOLVED QUESTION- (IGC 1 MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY)

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SECTION 2

2. (a) Give the meaning of the term ‘permit-to-work’. (2)

Ans:-

Permit-to-work (PTW) system is a formal, documented and planned procedure and the fact is that it is designed to protect personnel working in hazardous areas. There are many types of work situation for which a permit might be required like Confined space entry, Hot work, Excavation work etc.

(b) Identify THREE types of work that may require a permit-to-work(PTW), AND give the reasons why in EACH case. (6)

Ans:-

Entry into Confined spaces, Hot work, Work on electrical equipment (particularly live working and/or high voltage systems), Excavation work, Working at height and Specialist maintenance work (for instance, on process plant).

1. Confined spaces are deadly spaces such as boilers, vaults, tanks etc., where there are hazards such as oxygen depletion or enrichment(Between 19.5% - 23.5%) possibility causing asphyxiation, risk of being engulfed by toxic gases like carbon monoxide or hydrogen sulphide, as well as presents of flammable gases may lead to risk of explosion or fire accident. Hence in a PTW these all conditions will be checked and ensure that the risks are adequately controlled.

2. In the excavation work – deep excavations of more than 1.2 m deep – similar confined space hazard situations can be expected – putting the personnel in danger, plus there is a serious risk of getting buried under the sand due to cave-in or collapse which may lead to fatalities or serious consequences. In addition, damage to underground services – buried utilities which may pose additional risks such as explosion due to rupture of a damaged gas pipeline or HT cable damage may lead to electrocution, ruptured water line may lead to flooding etc.

3. Electrical Work- Working on and around High Voltage equipment or power lines poses serious threat of electrocution and severe consequences thereof. – Therefore, PTW is required to overcome such situation where adequate precautions are tested and listed, checked and ensured before start of work, monitored during work, and the area rendered safe after the work.

4. Hot work if done unchecked or unmonitored , may lead to fire and explosion thereof due to the flying hot molten slag and debris or heating up a particular area or bulkhead where heat may transmit to other remote objects due to convection or radiation, as well as those in contact with due to conduction process leading to fire or explosion. So, a PTW is needed to check and control the risk

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